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📖 LwIP Stack na ESP32

Many embedded systems designers think that since ESP32 connects to a router using 150 Mbps PHY, it will achieve such download speeds. It is a myth!

• Wi-Fi throughput (PHY) is always divided by the overhead of 802.11 frame encapsulation, beacons, and collisions (CSMA/CA). Usually, about 50-60% realistically remains.
• The processor is also a weak link. The complex TCP/IP stack (LwIP) used in ESP-IDF consumes CPU cycles for checksums, TCP windows (Window Scaling), and ACKs.
• UDP is faster: The UDP protocol allows throwing data "blindly" into the radio, bypassing packet verification. You gain speed, but you have to write lost packet handling yourself.