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> Struct Padding & Memory Layout > Cdecl: Pointers & Qualifiers > Macros & Code Generators > GCC Attributes & Compiler Flags > C++ Constexpr Tester

cdecl pointers qualifiers

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📖 Type Qualifiers (Const & Volatile)

In embedded systems, reading definitions with asterisks requires the "Right-Left Rule". You start at the variable name, move right until you hit a parenthesis, then move left, reading pointers and qualifiers.

CONST: Protects a variable from modification. Placing const in a specific place determines whether the constant is the value pointed to by the pointer, or the pointer address itself. If you use both, the variable ends up permanently in FLASH memory.
VOLATILE: A lifesaver keyword in Embedded. It tells the compiler: "Never optimize reading this variable. Its value can change by hardware (externally) at any microsecond". Essential for mapping STM32 registers and global flags changed in interrupts (ISR).